Individual Study / IDEFICS/I.Family cohort

Data Collection Event

Start Date

2007

Measurements & methods

Dietary intake

yes/no

• Information collected on type of diet (vegetarian/vegan/omnivore)
• Special dietary aspects collected (e.g. supplements, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics)

Methods

• 24-hour dietary recall
• FFQ

24-hour dietary recall

Administration method

Self-reported

Administration type

Web/computer-based

Number of recalls

2-7

Portion size estimation

Standard portion sizes with aids such as pictures, models, standard household measure, utensils, etc.

Instrument validity

Intemann et al. Eur J Nutr. 2019 Apr;58(3):1247-58. Murtas et al. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018 Dec; 118(12):2324-30. Börnhorst et al. Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb;33(1):79-84.

Instrument development

The instrument used in the IDEFICS study (SACINA) was originally based on YANA-C (HELENA study) but was extensively modified for parental proxy reports of young children's dietary intake. The web-based version, SACANA, was further developed for the (assisted) self-report of children, teens and their parents in I.Family.

Instrument reference

Hebestreit A et al. Web-based 24-hour dietary recall: the SACANA program. In: Bammann K et al., eds. Instruments for health surveys in children and adolescents. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2019; p. 77-102

FFQ

Questionnaire name/set of questions

FFQ

Type of questionnaire

Non-quantitative

Administration method

Self-reported

Administration type

Paper-based

Number of food items

43 (IDEFICS study); 60 (I.Family)

Reference period

1 month

Frequency categories

7

Portion size estimation

Not quantified

Reproducibility

Yes: Lanfer et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Apr;35 Suppl 1:S61-8

Instrument validity

Yes: Bel-Serrat et al. Public Health Nutr. 2014 Feb;17(2):266-76; Huybrechts et al. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Apr;35 Suppl 1:S69-78

Instrument development

Newly developed

Instrument reference

Pala et al. Dietary behaviour in children, adolescents and families: the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ). In: Bammann K et al.,eds. Instruments for health surveys in children and adolescents. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2019; p. 103-133

Alcohol consumption

Information collected

I.Family: frequency of consumption, types of drinks, binge drinking

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Self-reported

Administration type

Paper-based

Tobacco consumption

Information collected

Frequency of smoking cigarettes, age when trying smoking for the first time, age when starting smoking daily

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Self-reported

Administration type

Paper-based

Physical activity

Information collected

Frequency, duration and intensity; sports club membership, time spent in sports club, type of PA, objectively measured by accelerometry

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Self-reported

Domains covered

Way to school and back, school lessons, school breaks, leisure time on weekdays and weekend days

Device type

Actigraph

Device model

GT1M and GT3X, ActiTrainer

Measurement period

IDEFICS study: 3 days; I.Family: 7 days

Measurement position

Hip

Sedentary behaviours

Information collected

Media use as proxy for sedentary time: time spent with using different media; number and type of media devices in bedroom

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Self-reported

Anthropometric measurements

Weight/height

Measured

Waist/hip circumference

Measured

Other measurements

Body composition (BIA), skinfolds, circumferences

Sociodemographic information

Information collected

Parents: sex, age, highest level of education and of professional qualification, occupational status at time of data collection, household net income

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Self-reported

Medication

Information collected

ATC code and purpose (disease)

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Antibiotics

Only if taken within the last 14 days before data collection

Administration method

Phone interview

Health status

Information collected

Diseases, disability of participating children, family history of diseases (parents, siblings)

Questionnaire name/set of questions

Set of questions

Administration method

Phone interview

Measurements

a) Blood pressure and pulse rate b) Skinfold thicknesses c) Circumferences of mid-upper arm, hip, neck d) Heel ultra-sonography (optional) e) Handgrip strength

Devices

a) Automated sphygmomanometer Welch Allyn 4200B-E2 with cuff, b) Holtain, c) SECA 200, d) Lunar Achilles Insight, e) Digital handgrip dynamometer (Takei TKK 5401/5101)

Biological samples and laboratory measurements

Samples collected

Blood, urine, saliva, in a subsample stool

Number of samples

Number varies by survey wave; around 14,000 samples from children (blood, urine, saliva); 470 stool samples

Biomarkers

Lipids

Measurement(s)

HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides

Medium

IDEFICS study: whole venous or capillary blood, I.Family: serum

Glucose

Measurement(s)

Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c

Medium

IDEFICS study: whole venous or capillary blood (glucose ) IDEFICS/I.Family: serum (glucose, insulin), EDTA whole blood (HbA1c)

Inflammation markers

Measurement(s)

CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, TNF-alpha, IL-1Ra

Medium

Serum

Adiposity biomarkers

Measurement(s)

Leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin

Medium

Serum

Other biomarkers

Measurement(s)

a) 25-OH-vitamin D, ferritin, transferrin; b) Urinary biomarkers (IDEFICS: albumin, creatinin, glucose, minerals, cortisol; pH; I.Family: microalbumin, creatinin)

Medium

a) Serum, b) Urine

Metabolomics

Measurement(s)

a) NMR-based metabolomics analysis, b) LC-MS/MS and GC-MS based lipidomics analysis

Medium

a) Urine and serum, b) Faeces

Untargeted approach

no

Targeted groups

b) Phospho-, glycerophospho- and sphingolipids, sterols and bile acids, total fatty acid profile

Genomics

DNA available

yes

Number of samples/number of individuals

3,000

Extraction protocol/ method

Genomic DNA extracted from saliva samples

Genotyping

Using the UK Biobank Axiom196-Array from Affymetrix. Genotype calling was performed with respect to Affymetrix's best practice guideline including analysis with SNPolisher assuming a dish QC > 0.82 and QC call rate > 0.97

Microbiome

Microbial material

16S rRNA, the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using the 341F and 805R primers with added Illumina adapter overhang sequences

Number of samples/number of individuals

140

Library source and library selection

Indexed libraries were prepared by limited-cycle PCR using Nextera technology and the final library was diluted to 6 pM with 20% PhiX control.

Medium/tissue

Faeces

Sampling collection method

Faecal collection tube with a DNA stabiliser (PSP® Spin Stool DNA PLUS Kit (Stratec Molecular, Berlin, Germany))

Time spent in room temperature

Up to 24 hours

Sequencing platform

Sequencing was performed on Illumina MiSeq platform using a 2 × 300 bp paired-end protocol

Read length/depth

2x300 paired-end reads; depth= 56,485±22,321 (mean ± sd) paired-end reads per sample

Further details

True sequencing

Preservation method

Preservative; samples were first stored at -20°C, then put on dry ice for the transport and then transferred to -80°C upon arrival in lab

Preservation buffer

DNA stabiliser (PSP® Spin Stool DNA PLUS Kit)

Information on type of meal last eaten prior to sample extraction available

yes

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